Loading consists of finding the template for a given identifier and preprocessing it, usually compiling it to an in-memory representation.
Rendering means interpolating the template with context data and returning the resulting string. Until Django 1. For historical reasons, both the generic support for template engines and the implementation of the Django template language live in the django.
For details see the language syntax reference. A Django template is a text document or a Python string marked-up using the Django template language. Some constructs are recognized and interpreted by the template engine.
The main ones are variables and tags. A template is rendered with a context. Rendering replaces variables with their values, which are looked up in the context, and executes tags. Everything else is output as is. If a variable resolves to a callable, the template system will call it with no arguments and use its result instead of the callable. This definition is deliberately vague. For example, a tag can output content, serve as a control structure e.
A reference of built-in tags is available as well as instructions for writing custom tags. A reference of built-in filters is available as well as instructions for writing custom filters. For details see the API reference. Engine encapsulates an instance of the Django template system. The main reason for instantiating an Engine directly is to use the Django template language outside of a Django project.
DjangoTemplates is a thin wrapper adapting django. Template represents a compiled template. Templates are obtained with Engine. Likewise django. Template is a thin wrapper adapting django. Template to the common template API. Context holds some metadata in addition to the context data. Line 9 displays the name attribute of each event record in the QuerySet as the for loop iterates over the data.
Figure Rendering database data in a browser with a Django view and template. Django achieves speed and scalability by keeping static media in a different directory to the rest of the application. This directory is defined in the settings. This line should be at or near the end of your settings.
We need to add another setting so Django can find the static files for our site. In this case, we are telling Django to look for static files in the static directory in our site root. Now we need to create a static folder in our site root. Once you have created the new folder, your project directory will look like this:.
Most of the new code in this file is plain HTML5 markup; however, there are few new elements worth noting:. Other than a few tags, there is nothing Django-specific necessary to upgrade the template. This is by design. Django is frontend agnostic, so it will do nothing to stop you adding whatever you like to the frontend—whether that be anything from making the templates responsive with Bootstrap to adding JavaScript frameworks like jQuery and Angular.
This file is standard CSS. If you are not familiar with CSS, you can enter the code as written and learn more about style sheets as you go, or if you want to learn more now, you can check out W3schools. I am sure you agree that, while it still has a way to go, the new template is much prettier than the last!
Figure The event calendar template with styling and structural elements added. OK, if you are using the printed textbook, this will look a lot less impressive as the images are black and white, but if you use my code and stylesheets the site will be in color. Django also provides you with the ability to insert templates into other templates with the include tag. The syntax of the include tag is simple:. Announcements are a common function of club websites and often show on several pages on the website.
The HTML for displaying announcements is a perfect candidate for an include—we can create a template for the announcements and include that template on each page we want to show the announcements.
To include the new announcements. In line 8 , I have added an include tag which loads the new template into the calendar template. If you load up the development server now, your calendar page should look like Figure To get actual announcements to display, you must pass a list of announcements to the template. In a real website, you would store information on the announcements in a model in your database, but for the sake of showing how the for loop displays announcements in the included template, we will add a hard-coded list to the index view changes in bold :.
Save your views. Your event calendar should now look like Figure 6. Figure The announcements list now displays all the announcements passed to it from the view. I also introduced you to some of the more common Django template tags and filters. In Chapter 11, I have included an exercise that covers all the most common template tags and filters, complete with example implementations. Discourage redundancy Most dynamic web sites use many common site-wide design elements—a common header, footer, navigation bar, etc.
XML should not be used for template languages Using an XML engine to parse templates introduces a whole new world of human error in editing templates—and incurs an unacceptable level of overhead in template processing. And the base. The CSS snippet you've posted applies to any element with a class of 'button' - the button element you've defined in the template does not have that class. How are we doing?
Please help us improve Stack Overflow. Take our short survey. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Collectives on Stack Overflow. Learn more. Asked 1 year, 2 months ago. Active 1 year, 2 months ago.
Viewed 95 times. Now we have to inform Django about this directory. Open settings. This variable contains every setting related to the templates.
If you haven't changed anything it should look like this:. The setting we are concerned here is the DIRS key. Currently, it is set to empty list. The DIRS key specifies a list of paths where template engine should look for templates. To make Django search for sitewide templates in our newly created templates directory we have to provide DIRS the absolute path to it. Change the DIRS key so that it looks like this.
There is one problem though, if you send your Django project to someone else, it will not work unless you and that person share the exact same username, drive letter and directory structure. The problem is that we are hardcoding paths. Hardcoding paths makes our project less portable - meaning it might not run on other computers. This variable stores the path to Django project root directory.
On your machine, it might be different. As a result, it becomes very easy to refer to other directories. We can now use Python's os. Update DIRS value so that it looks like this:.
0コメント